Compressor.



N R 'G' if d n@ my# w. H. How

COMPRESSOR.

` APPLICATION FILED DEC. l. 19N.

Patented May15, 1917.

-v z SHEETS-SHEET l.

W. H'. H0W4E.4 coMPnEssn'n.' APPLICATION ruimy DE`c.1. 1914.

Patented May 15,1917

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

i 1 UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEmoE.

wILLIsm H; frown, or crimson, ILLINOIS.

COMPRESSOR.

To all whom 'it 'may concern.'

Be it known, that I, WILLIAM H. Hown, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Chicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and use ful Improvements in Compressors, of which the following a specification.

'My invention relates generally to coinpressors and has more particular' reference to machines -for compressing refrfgeratlng agents.

The general obect of my invention is to provide a compressor wherewith it shall be possible to compress the refrigerating agent more rapidly, more eilicently, and more economically than has been possible With compressors hitherto devised.

A `further object of my invention is to provide aV refrigerant compressor which shall.' be Simple to construct, easy to maintain and in which the parts shall be so c onstructed and arranged that the incoming relatively cold y ases will be maintained in such volume an correlation to the' compressorthatit will act' to neutralize or reduce the heat' generated by the compression of the gases to the end, that all of the parts may be maintained at such temperature us will insure the best results. 4

A further object o@ my invention is to rov'idea' refrigerant compressor in which 1t shall be possi discharge a full charge of the refrlgerantat each operation,- inl which there can be no possible inury caused by a rel'ati'velynom compressib e substancefinding lts way into I the space between the piston and the head,

and which in normal operation shall be practically gas tight at the head.

My invention conslsts generally in the arrangement, construction, and coperation of the'partswhereby the above named objects, togetherjwith othersfwhich will appear hereinafter, are attained.

My invention will be more readily under-v stood ,by reference the accompanying drawings which 'illustrate preferred -e'mbodiments thereof, 'and in. whieh+- ,Figure 1 is a `vertical sectiox'n4 through a tandem cylinderfcompressr embodying-my invention; i l. Fig. 2 is a ve 'txcal gegtmngy View line 2-2 0f Fig 1;.

Specification of Letters Patent.

le toreceive, compress, and

Patented May 1'5, 1917.

Application led December 1, 1914. Serial Nc. 875,088.

Fig. 3 is a. top plan view of the machine,

cylinder' construction; r

Fi 4 is a transverse sectional view'on `the llne 4--4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a vertical detailed sectional view on the line 5 5 of Fig. 1 and showing the arrangement of the gas inlet and discharge chambers;

Fig. 6 is a side'- elevation of the piston removed to illustrate the means of supplying oil to the Wrist pin; and

Fi s. 7 and'B are detailed views illustratin t e operation of the safety head1 any objections have been'4 urged against the refrigerant compressors .hitherto de'- vised. In some much .gas passes from the compression side of the machine into the crank case, there expands and causes refrigeration, thereby cutting down the effective .operation of the machine.v Furthermore, a high pressure is thus createdinthe crank case and as a result an excessively 4long 'gland must be provided -to prevent gas at each stroke various constructions4 have been devised to enable the piston to operate practlcally metal to metal with 'the head without` danger of breaking other parts of the machine. `The most usual com 'struction for this purpose is the so-called-v safety head, which 1s a s ringpressed plate seated at the upper end o the cylinder` The heads as vhitherto devised, however, are obf jectionable because the' seat soon becomes scratched 'and gas constantly escapes through -the recesses thus formed with the result that the -compression is lost.

'I have -devised a machine in4 which a f 'ull 'charge of gas can be takeninto the cylinder and fully compressed' and discharged; in f which injury to the mechanism is impossible A even though relatively non-compressible matter becomes interposed. between the pis-l t0n and the head, or in case the discharge v,valve fail'sto open, -and.'in .whi ch. there is p'ractically no leaka e of gas when the parts are in normal con tion.

- more developed a-macliine. in 'which the gas I- have" further-l escaping from the high pressure side of piston te crank case is practically negligible.

Having thus described the general objects,

purposes and construction' ofthe herein disclosed' 'mechanism embodying my' invention' I shall now describe same in more detail to the end that a fuller and more complete understanding thereof may be had.

Referring to the drawings, l represents the compressor b a'se, Q theA crank case, 3 the cylinders generally and 4 the outer casing.

The crank case 1s rovided yvith openings, 5 and 6 at which ace I vsecure thel bearing's 7 and 8 for t e operating shaft 9. I shall term these for convenience the outer bcarin s. :The bearing 7 it should be noted, 'basa c osed en'd 7 so that there is no necessity of packin but the shaft rojects com- 4pletel throng the' other berxrin and I there ore lrovide a gland there or. As will brought out more fully hereinafter, it is'not necessary with my construction toprovide a lgland as long as is customaiy'I in similar size machines hitherto devised or to pack the joint so tightly as ,has beenhitherto customary and-necessary; In order to relieve" the shaft ofthe excessive e thrust caused by the 'compressive period of the stroke and to permit of a much lighter shaft than would otherwise be necessary I prefer to provide a center bearing, 11. "Ihecyllnd'er portion .of the machine comprises-twocylinders '3* and 3" and these I casttog''etherin spaced relationfthus forxnof substantially' cylnv 85 a lon chamber 3 der lengt- -'Ihe'upper part of the chamber,

'ed l! ,.1

sgdivi ya wa 3" thereby forming la smaller vchainbier 3. The large chamber 3' is ,the4 inlet chamber, being supplied with 'the ex' ended! gas by the return ipe 15. It slioul4 be "'nted -that this cham er extends .the full length-of the cylindersand for a considerable distance around the circumercold,fgam'tt'rlteep;down the heatge'nerated in I pe at' each' rush of gas of': thetpistn. Further,

. enoe thereof.- Thus Ijutilize this` relatively I Y' the the compression ofthe gas. Ari Hallie-feature of..jt-his'lar e-inlet' It Vwill; cf course be anderswo@ that portant romgwhich the iston is driven, in this case the crank c ase. n some machines the as is freely admlttedto the crank case but t iis is undesirable because it is necessary to -pro-4 v1dee1tremely"long glands on the/.drive shaftto prevent esca lng of the gas The friction caused by sudh long and high] rem sure {glands-often represents much o the resistance of the entire machined.;

I have devised simple but veffective means and lower heads. The heads a're'connected t by central portions 18 which are" cut away as indicated at 18'l to permit gas freely' to the piston chamber 18. Each head portion is provided with a plurality ofV piston rings 18t by means 4of which the gas is eflectually prevented from passing into the crank case in the one instance and from the compres-A 'sion side of the piston in the other. I also seal the space at the ends of the wrist tin 25 in the piston with babbit or other suit-n- Able material as indicated et 30. In this manner I practically isolate the. crank case from the system and thereby prevent loss in eiliciency due to refrigeration in -the crank case.

While describing this4 part of; the 4in nclfiine it will be well to note the novel manner in 'throu h -the holes 31 and 32 to the wrist'l pin. arrange the grooves 31 and 32 at. an angle to the vertical not only better to gather the oil but also to prevent any direct assage along which gnscould' flow to the ower part of the machine. thismanner` I am enabled efr'ectua-lly to lubric'ate the wrist in and at the same time seal it against the a ission of gas thereto. I

maintain a supplyof oil Q0 in the crank case WhichI oil the-wrist pin- 25, In the outer I which is thrown u on the cylinder wall-by.

the movement of -t4 e shaft and piston I rnaleethel 1 -,or-singtion valve lflfof a s iz'e. substantiev f the'4 diameter. of the'piston that-itfreely admits 'the 'gastherethroughl with small movement, lIt' 1s of course imam ,this favs-.be

' 'fmmr 'that 110 'fm1-'tion thereof willbecome,

. Properly @tilted mld thatit be guided' to. its seat-in such? the 'rsa

-seat at'l; and the other at airernote bint.

suchconstruction-there is no possi ility B ofy the valve becoming loose or of seating in any but the desired position.

In order that a- .compressor may work at highest efficiency there should be as nearly as possible aV complete discharge of gas during compression. I have already described my novel inlet'construction whereby it is possible to get a full charge of gas into the compression chamber for each compressive y strokey I shall now describe how Iam en- 'abled to secure a full discharge,n and still maintain the desired compression. I am aware that safety heads have been provided hitherto for this purpose, but in the prac tical` operation they have proven ineiiiciept because they soon become worn' and con;

stantly admit gas to the discharge chamber?- In other words, the devices hitherto devised for this purpose are such that so soon as the seat of the safety head becomes scratched, as it will in practice because of the interposition of foreign matter, the result is that there is a constant flow of gas along the l grooves or recesses thus formed between the L so safety head and its seat. -So also, if the safety head is slightly raised from its seat from `the high` pressure side. The result of this is that work is done sufficient to discha e all of the gas in" the compression cham r tosecure an actual compression of i or a portion thereof because ofthe return Bow. Therefore, such safety heads do not,

as hithertodevised accomplish the purpose for which they are intended,`viz,;, to provide a construction in which thev compression .'.echambei-,can be completely filled with gas l from..,th e return side eiectually "compressed and rdischarged at each compre$- .sive stro any e. 55..

-fI'have devised a construction.which.- gives themfactor of safety necessary to permit the piston to work practically metal to metal 'vvitlx'-the head inox-der to secure avfull discharge" and which at the same time in norm'ploperation prevents passage of gas at p ace except through the regular disy` "arge valve. It comprises a cyllndrical piston-.like'member 41 having a closed bottoniAl, and an opentop. .Seated in the botloin discharge valve 20 which is nor# charge muy had seated by a. s rin is.' The safety head is firmly held c ose y, by the large spring 44 acting upon the member 45. The` member 45, it will be'noted, contains a cylindrical recess 46 for the stem 47 of the dis charge valve. Thus normally the gas upon,

positlon thehead 41 often assumes in case a relatively `non-compressible material becomes interposed between the piston and the safety head. The head is raised against the pressure of the spring 44. The gas, however, must pass through the regular dis charge valve 9.0 and cannot esc: e along the cylinder wall because vI provi e the head .41 with a pluralityof packing rings 50`to revent, such escape. Incase a relatively1 arge obstruction should become interposed between the piston or for some reason, as by the discharge valve sticking as indicated in Fig. 8, the head simply moves farther away from the seat 52 it uncovers an auxiliary or safety discharge port 53 spaced from theseat and communicating with the discharge chamber 3*.V Thus when the safety head is moved to this considerable extent the compressed vgas is permitted to esca e through this auxiliary orsafety port;` -It s ould be obvious therefore, tliat I have provided the necessary factor of safety which will permit the piston to work practically metal to metal with the discharge head. Furthermore, it should be noted that if the safety head seat 52 should become scratched or if the head should become slightly spaced from its seat that no gas could escape' directly inte the auxiliary dis- (portwbeca'use it 1s spaced from the seat an because a spring packing ring is interposed in the safety head therebetween.

Again, the gas cannot escape when the head is raised to a small extent, as it is quite frequently in practice, because the safety discharge duct is efl'ectually'isolated there- `erom. VAnd .what is probably more important, no gas can return from the high pressure side into the compression chambereven though the safety head is slightlyspaced from its seat or if the Seat should bef come scratched and thereby'l'fivm' grooves. Therefore, I am enabled to "'t'ake in, comf press, andcompletely discharge da full chamberof gas at each compressive stroke@ i In order to cool the machine I' admit 'a' cooling medium to the space 4 between the casing 4 and the cylinders. The cooling medium is .supplied` by the pipe 60, is riven a whirling helical motion ,byl the he ical. 'or spiral guides* 61 and finally -passes off .through the drain pipe 62."`l This. cooling medium -eiectugilly coolshef, of the cylinder not subject to 'the cold inlet chamberlsee Fig. 4).

tures wherewith the substantial'jobjectsof my invention may be attainedddo not wish to be limited to the 'specific vstructure hereinA shown and described exceptasmaylbe necesf` sary byl express limitationsinthe claims hereunto appended. l, I f,

I clalm y 1.In a refrigerant fcom ing a gas chamber vtherebc tweenof slllbStaIitially cylinder length, a partition 'wall be,-

tween the upper end of the cylindersand i forming a relatively small chamberzisolated from the largegascliamber,

2. In a refrigerant compressor, parallel cylinders cast in spaced relationandforming a gas chamber therebetween of substantially cylinder length, a partition wall `between the upper end of the cylinders and forming a relatively small chamber isolated from the large gas chamber and gas ports in the small chamber adjacent the upper and lower por-v tions'thereof. v

3. In a refrigerant compressor parallel cylinders cast' in spaced relation and formi ing a gas chamber therebetween of substan` tially cylinder length, a-.partition vwall between the-u per end of the cylinder and forming a re atively small chamber isolated ,'from the large gas chamber, gasdischarge ports in thesmall chamber adjacent the upper and lower portions thereof and gas inlet ducts formed circumferentially of the cylinder and communicating with the large chamber.

vIn a refrigerant compressor, parallel cylinders cast in spaced relation and forming a gas chamber therebetween and a wall `extending between the cylinders and form# ing a gas chamber isolated from the first mentioned gas chamber.

5. In a refrigerant compressor, parallel cylinders cast in spaced relation and form-` .lnga 'gas chamber therebetween, a `partition wall extending` between the cylinders and forming a gas chamber* isolated from the first mentioned gas chamber, and gas ports in both gasch'ambers.

6. In -av refrigerant compressor, parallel cylinders cast in spaced relation and formmg` a gas chamber therebetween, a partition wall betweenthe upper ends of the cylinders and \-for1n1ng a gas outlet' chamber isolated lfrom the vfirst mentioned gas chamber, and

'gas lports in the outlet chamber adjacent the 'upper and lower portions thereof.

7. I n a vrefrigerant compressor, acylinder,

a piston therein for compressing the refrig' gases of the' v From this detailed of my invention I believe -that the bjects'andadvantages are apparent, but since this disclosure will readily suggest lt'o others modified struc parallel' cylinders cast in spaced re ationand lform.-`

. spaced from'the safety heads-seat communierant, a safetyy lead comprisin a vpiston like member, spring means for hol 'ng it against .the compressive action of the piston, a dis- .charge valy'e 4only mounted in the safety head, a' dlscharge chamber adjacent the safety head, ya y main discharge port spaced' above the `safety head and communicating with the discharge chamber, and an auxilx iary safety port spaced from the safety head seat communicating like safety n v, '.8. In a refrigerant compressor, parallelx with. said' discharge y chamber andV normallyl covered by a piston cylinders cast in spaced relation and f Jm ingagas chamber therebetween extending I substantially to the top of the cylinders, a partition wall between the -uppereud of the ychndersand forming a relatively small gas c amber isolated from the first mentioned gas chamber, iston like safety heads in respective cylin ers, main gas'discharge ptn-ts. adjacent the upper end of the discharge chamber,k and auxiliary gas 'ports adjacent' the lower end of the gas discharge chamber and normall closed by `the safety heads.

9.` In a re rigerant compressona cylinder, a lpiston therein for compressing the refrigerant, av piston-like safet ,head, spring means for holding it against the normal compressive action ofthe piston, a discharge vvalve only mounted in thefsafety lhead, a

discharge chamber adjacent the safety head,

a main discharge port spaced rabove the safety head and .communicating with the discharge chamber, an auxiliary safety port los eating with said discharge chamber and normally covered by the piston-like safety head,

and aspring safety head.

10. In a refrigerant compressor, acylinder, a piston therein for compressing `the refrigerant, a piston-like safety head, spring means for holding it against the normal compressive. action of thelpiston, a discharge valve only mounted in the safety head,a dis? charge chamber adjacent the safety'head, a main discharge port spaced above the safety head and communicatlngwith the discharge chamber, an auxiliar safety port spaced from the safety rhea seat communicating ywith said discharge chamber and normally covered by the piston-like safety head, and a plurality of spring packing rings in the outer circumference of the safety head.

11. In a refrigerant compressor, a'cylinder, a piston therein for lcompressing the refgerant, a piston-like safety` head, spring compressive lition of the piston a discharge f vvalve only mounted inthe safety head, a discharge chamber adjacent the a maln dlscharge port 4spaced above the Vmeans for' holding it against the normal` `safety head and communicating with the packing ring in the piston-like-V a safety head,

disehhrge chamber, an auxiliary safety .port In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set- `:spaced from the Safety lleadseat communi-- my hand, this 25th day of November, 1914,

catingwith seid discharge chamber and norl in the presence of two `subscribing Witnesses. 1 -0 mally covered by the pieton-like safety head, WILLIAM H. HOWE. and a. sprinepacking ring in the piston-like Witnesses: 1 safety head :tween the safety head Seel; and A. J. SMITH,

auxiliary discharge port. T. A-.`.CREAMER. 

